John James was born and brought up in Edinburgh, Scotland, to a mother from Glenluce and a father originally from Hertfordshire. His father, John James Ruskin (1785вЂ“1864), was a sherry and wine importer, founding partner and de facto business manager of Ruskin, Telford and Domecq (see Allied Domecq). Ruskin was the only child of first cousins. 10.3 Selected editions of Ruskin still in printД®arly life (1819вЂ“1846) Genealogy.4.5 Politics and critique of political economy.3.8 Note on Ruskin's personal appearance.3.2 Fors Clavigera and the Whistler libel case.3.1 Oxford's first Slade Professor of Fine Art.2.10 Social critic and reformer: Unto This Last.1.7 1845 tour and Modern Painters II (1846).As a result, he founded the Guild of St George, an organisation that endures today. In the course of this complex and deeply personal work, he developed the principles underlying his ideal society. In 1871, he began his monthly 'letters to the workmen and labourers of Great Britain', published under the title Fors Clavigera (1871вЂ“1884). In 1869, Ruskin became the first Slade Professor of Fine Art at the University of Oxford, where he established the Ruskin School of Drawing. Unto This Last (1860, 1862) marked the shift in emphasis. His work increasingly focused on social and political issues. From the 1850s, he championed the Pre-Raphaelites, who were influenced by his ideas. Turner in which he argued that the principal role of the artist is 'truth to nature'.

Ruskin first came to widespread attention with the first volume of Modern Painters (1843), an extended essay in defence of the work of J. Today, his ideas and concerns are widely recognised as having anticipated interest in environmentalism, sustainability and craft.

After a period of relative decline, his reputation has steadily improved since the 1960s with the publication of numerous academic studies of his work. Ruskin was hugely influential in the latter half of the 19th century and up to the First World War. Ruskin came to view his critique of political economy as his most central work, which also inspired the famous indian leader Mahatma Gandhi. In all of his writing, he emphasised the connections between nature, art and society. The elaborate style that characterised his earliest writing on art gave way in time to plainer language designed to communicate his ideas more effectively. He also made detailed sketches and paintings of rocks, plants, birds, landscapes, architectural structures and ornamentation. He wrote essays and treatises, poetry and lectures, travel guides and manuals, letters and even a fairy tale. Ruskin's writing styles and literary forms were equally varied. He wrote on subjects as varied as geology, architecture, myth, ornithology, literature, education, botany and political economy. John Ruskin (8 February 1819 вЂ“ 20 January 1900) was an English writer, philosopher, art critic and polymath of the Victorian era.

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